Other-ending

The standard affixes may be applied in most other cases. However, care must be taken to handle the many exceptions listed in advanced grammar texts (for e.g., see [KALE1995] [1]). The default affixes for nominal base words are as follows (affixes starting with consonants are highlighted):

NOTES:
When an affix is attached to a nominal base word ending with a consonant, the normal rules of sandhi are applicable. This can be seen in the following examples, where the affix starts with a hard consonant (i.e. NOM-S, LOC-S), or a soft consonant (INS-D, INS-P, DAT-D, DAT-P, ABL-D, ABL-P):

• ch-ending: A nominal base word ending in 'ch' will be changed to 'k' when the affix starts with 's' and changed to 'g' when the affix starts with 'bh'.
• j-ending: A nominal base word ending in 'j' will be changed to 'k' (or 'T') when the affix starts with 's' and changed to 'g' (or 'D') when the affix starts with 'bh'.
• r-ending: A nominal base word ending in 'r' will be changed to 'visarga' when the affix is 's'.
• sh-ending: A nominal base word ending in 'sh' will be changed to 'k' (or 'T') when the affix is 's' and changed to 'g' (or 'D') when the affix starts with 'bh'.
• SH-ending: A nominal base word ending in 'SH' will be changed to 'T' when the affix is 's' and changed to 'D' when the affix starts with 'bh'.
• s-ending: A nominal base word ending in 's' will be changed to 'visarga' when the affix starts with a consonant.
• h-ending: A nominal base word ending in 'h' will be changed to 'k' (or 'T') when the affix is 's' and changed to 'g' (or 'D') when the affix starts with 'bh'.
• default: for most other consonants, the 's' affix of the NOM-S declension affix 's' is dropped.

The following is a complete declension table for a word ending in 'l' ('kamal:lotus'):

Masculine base word: kamal (lotus)

Neuter base word: kamal (lotus)

References