You are here

Home › Sanskrit parsing › Automated Syntactic analysis of the Sanskrit classics › Inflections › Verbs

Imperative Mood conjugation

Sat, 06/15/2019 - 13:25 — antardhvani

The conjugation of the Imperative Mood is known as loT lakAr ( लोट् लकार ) in the Ashtadhyayi ( see [1], [2], and [3] ).

Imperative Mood: Concrete affixes for Verbs of Classes 1, 4, 6, and 10

Parasmaipada Atmanepada
Person Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
First (I) Ani Ava Ama First (I) E AvahE AmahE
Second (II) - tam ta Second (II) sva ithAm dhvam
Third (III) tu tAm antu Third (III) tAm itAm antAm

Class 1 (bhvAdi)

Parasmaipada bhU (to be) Atmanepada labh (to obtain)
Person Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
First (I) bhavAni bhavAva bhavAma First (I) labhE labhAvahE labhAmahE
Second (II) bhava bhavatam bhavata Second (II) labhasva labhethAm labhadhvam
Third (III) bhavatu bhavatAm bhavantu Third (III) labhatAm labhetAm labhantAm

Class 4 (divAdi)

Parasmaipada tuSH (to be pleased) Atmanepada yudh (to fight)
Person Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
First (I) tuSHyANNi tuSHyAva tuSHyAma First (I) yudhyE yudhyAvahE yudhyAmahE
Second (II) tuSHya tuSHyatam tuSHyata Second (II) yudhyasva yudhyethAm yudhyadhvam
Third (III) tuSHyatu tuSHyatAm tuSHyantu Third (III) yudhyatAm yudhyetAm yudhyantAm

Class 6 (tudAdi)

Parasmaipada kSHip (to throw) Atmanepada kSHip (to throw)
Person Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
First (I) kSHipANNi kSHipAva kSHipAma First (I) kSHipE kSHipAvahE kSHipAmahE
Second (II) kSHipa kSHipatam kSHipata Second (II) kSHipasva kSHipethAm kSHipadhvam
Third (III) kSHipatu kSHipatAm kSHipantu Third (III) kSHipatAm kSHipetAm kSHipantAm

Class 10 (churAdi)

Parasmaipada chur (to steal) Atmanepada chur (to steal)
Person Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
First (I) chorayANNi chorayAva chorayAma First (I) chorayE chorayAvahE chorayAmahE
Second (II) choraya chorayatam chorayata Second (II) chorayasva chorayethAm chorayadhvam
Third (III) chorayatu chorayatAm chorayantu Third (III) chorayatAm chorayetAm chorayantAm

Imperative Mood: Concrete affixes for Verbs of Classes 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 9

Parasmaipada Atmanepada
Person Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
First (I) Ani Ava Ama First (I) E AvahE AmahE
Second (II) hi tam ta Second (II) sva AthAm dhvam
Third (III) tu tAm antu Third (III) tAm AtAm atAm

Class 2 (adAdi)

Parasmaipada duh (to milk) Atmanepada duh (to milk)
Person Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
First (I) dohAni dohava dohama First (I) dohE dohAvahE dohAmahE
Second (II) dugdhi dugdham dugdha Second (II) dhukSHva duhAthAm dhugdhvam
Third (III) dogdhu dugdhAm duhantu Third (III) dugdhAm duhAtAm duhatAm

Class 3 (juhotyAdi)

Parasmaipada dhA (to hold) Atmanepada dhA (to hold)
Person Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
First (I) dadhAni dadhAva dadhAma First (I) dadhE dadhAvahE dadhAmahE
Second (II) dhehi dhattam dhatta Second (II) dhatsva dadhAthAm dhaddhvam
Third (III) dadhAtu dhattAm dadhatu Third (III) dhattAm dadhAtAm dadhatAm

Class 5 (svAdi)

Parasmaipada su (to press or squeeze) Atmanepada su (to press or squeeze)
Person Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
First (I) sunavAni sunavAva sunavAma First (I) sunavE sunavAvahE sunavAmahE
Second (II) sunu sunutam sunuta Second (II) sunuSHva sunvAthAm sunudhvam
Third (III) sunotu sunutAm sunvantu Third (III) sunutAm sunvAtAm sunvatAm

Class 7 (rudhAdi)

Parasmaipada yuj (to join) Atmanepada yuj (to join)
Person Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
First (I) yunajAni yunajAva yunajAma First (I) yunajE yunajAvahE yunajAmahE
Second (II) yuNgdhi yuNktam yuNkta Second (II) yuNkSHva yuNjAthAm yuNgdhvam
Third (III) yunaktu yuNktAm yuNjantu Third (III) yuNktAm yuNjAtAm yuNjatAm

Class 8 (tanAdi)

Parasmaipada tan (to stretch) Atmanepada tan (to stretch)
Person Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
First (I) tanavAnii tanavAva tanavAma First (I) tanavE tanavAvahE tanavAmahE
Second (II) tanu tanutam tanuta Second (II) tanuSHva tanvAthAm tanudhvam
Third (III) tanotu tanutAm tanvantu Third (III) tanutAm tanvAtAm tanvatAm

Class 9 (krayAdi)

Parasmaipada krI (to buy) Atmanepada krI (to buy)
Person Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
First (I) krINNAni krINNIva krINNIma First (I) krINNE krINNAvahE krINNAmahE
Second (II) krINNIhi krINNItam krINNIta Second (II) krINNISHe krINNAthAm krINNIdhvam
Third (III) krINNAtu krINNItAm krINNantu Third (III) krINNItAm krINNAtAm krINNatAm

References

  1. [jrb1995] Ballantyne J.. Laghu Kaumudi of Varadaraja: A Sanskrit grammar. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers:New Delhi; 1995.
  2. [wdw2003] Whitney W.. Sanskrit Grammar. Dover Publications Inc:Mineola, New York; 2003.
  3. [Kale1995] Kale M.. A Higher Sanskrit Grammar. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers; 1995.