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Verb examples
Sat, 06/22/2019 - 01:11 — antardhvani
Here are some examples of verb constructions from the first few chapters of the Srimad Bhagavad Gita (some forms are rarely found in Classical Sanskrit):
| Tense/Aspect/Mood | Stanza from Srimad Bhagavad Gita | Partial translation |
| Present (लट्) | Stanza 1.32 (kANkSHe="desire") | "न काङ्क्षे विजयं..." "I do not desire victory ..." |
| Imperfect (लङ्ग्) | Stanza 1.13 (abhavat="was") | "... शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत्" "The sound was tumultuous ..." |
| Perfect (लिट्) - Reduplicative | Stanza 1.18 (dadhmuHa="had sounded") | "... शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक्पृथक्" "... had sounded their conches separately" |
| Perfect (लिट्) - Periphrastic | ||
| Imperative (लोट्) | Stanza 1.3 (pashya="behold") | "पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणामाचार्य महतीं चमूम् ..." "Behold this mighty army of the Pandavas O Preceptor ... " |
| Potential (विधिलिङ्ग्) | Stanza 1.4 (bhavet="may be") | "यदि ... क्षेमतरं भवेत्" "It may be better if ..." |
| First (Periphrastic) Future (लुट्) | Stanza 2.52 (gaNtAsi="you will go") | "... तदा गन्तासि निर्वेदं ..." "you will go/ attain ..." |
| Second (Simple) Future (लृट्) | Stanza 2.4 (yotsyAmi="I will combat") | "... इषुभिः प्रतियोत्स्यामि ..." "I will combat with arrows ..." |
| Infinitive (तुमुन्) | Stanza 1.35 (hantum="to kill") | "एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि" "I do not wish to kill these ..." |
| Indeclinable Gerund (क्त्वा, ल्यप्) | Stanza 1.2 (dRuSHTvA="having seen", upasaNgamya="having approached") | "दृष्ट्वा ... आचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य ..." "Having seen ... having approached the preceptor ..." |
| Passive - present | Stanza 2.48 (uchyate="is called") | "... समत्वं योग उच्यते" "... evenness (of mind) is called Yoga" |
| Passive - imperfect | Stanza 1.13 (abhyahanyanta="were struck") | "... पणवानकगोमुखाः सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त ..." "... tabors and drums were struck suddenly ..." |
| Passive - imperative | ||
| Passive - potential | ||
| Benedictive (आशीर्लिङ् ) | Stanza 2.8 (apanudyAt="may it remove") | "... ममापनुद्याद्यच्छोकमुच्छोषणमिन्द्रियाणाम् ..." "... may it remove .." |
| Conditional (लृङ्) | ||
| Causative (णिजन्त) | Stanza 1.19 (vyadArayat="cause to render asunder") | "... हृदयानि व्यदारयत् ..." "... cause to render asunder hearts ..." |
| Desiderative (सन्नन्त) | Stanza 2.6 (jiIviSHAmaHa="desire to live") | "... न जिजीविषाम ..." "... we do not desire to live ..." |
| Frequentative (यङ्न्त) | ||
| Deonominative (नामधातवः) | ||
| Aorist (लुङ) 1st form | ||
| Aorist (लुङ) 2nd form | ||
| Aorist (लुङ) 3rd form | ||
| Aorist (लुङ) 4th form | ||
| Aorist (लुङ) 5th form | ||
| Aorist (लुङ) 6th form | ||
| Aorist (लुङ) 7th form | ||
| Subjunctive (लेट्) |