1.44

उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन
नरकेऽनियतं वासो भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम

Printed: utsannakuladharmANNAM manuSHyANNAM janArdana , narake'niyataM vAso bhavatItyanushushruma .

utsannakuladharmANNAM m ... [8.3.23] mo'nusvAraHa
manuSHyANNAM j ... [8.3.23] mo'nusvAraHa
narake'niyataM v ... [8.3.23] mo'nusvAraHa
narake'niyatam ... [6.1.109] eNaHa padAntAdati
vAso bh ... [6.1.114, 6.1.87, 1.3.2, 8.2.66] hashi cha
bhavatItyanushushruma ... [6.1.101] akaHa savarNNe dIrghaHa

Underlying: utsannakuladharmANNAm manuSHyANNAm janArdana , narake aniyatam vAsas bhavati iti anushushruma .

COMMENTS:

• The parser incorrectly selects the Neuter root 'vAsas:Neut.:garment' for the term 'NOM-S:vAsaHa:dwelling', whereas [MM2015] and [KAL2015] select the Masculine root 'vAsa:Masc.:habitation'. This is a parsing defect that results in a semantic defect.
  
• Note that [MM2015] decodes the sandhi 'narake'niyataM' as the underlying terms 'narake niyatam' whereas [KAL2015], Swami Sivananda (and our parser) decoded it to the underlying terms 'narake aniyatam'. This results in a major semantic difference between the two readings i.e. 'aniyatam:for an indefinite period' vs. 'niyatam:for a definite period'. However, [MM2015] adopts an alternate translation of an indeclinable form of this word, meaning 'niyatam:inevitably' (see the [MW2011] dictionary), while Swami Sivananda adopts the interpretation of the word 'aniyatam:for an unknown period'. We are not marking this as a sandhi defect as there is a difference of opinion amongst expert commentators on the underlying term.
• The parser assigns NOM-S to the term 'aniyatam', whereas [KAL2015] [1] treats it as ACC-S. We consider the assignment of NOM-S to the term as being correct in the context of the verb 'bhavati' (a 'copula verb'). [MM2015] [2] treats the term as an Indeclinable (as it is alternately defined in the [MW2011] [3] dictionary). Hence this is not a defective assignment by the parser.
• The passive past participle 'NOM-S:aniyatam:[which is] for an indefinite period' has the complement 'LOC-S:narake:in hell' and the Subject 'NOM-S:vAsaHa:dwelling'. This leads to the reading 'dwelling [which is] for an indefinite period in hell'.
• Note that the passive past participle 'utsanna:[that is] sunk in ruins' is embedded inside a bahuvrIhi samAsa 'GEN-P:utsannakuladharmAHa' along with its complement i.e. 'kuladharma'. The Subject of this participle is 'GEN-P:manuSHyANNAm:of the men' (notice the agreement in Number, Gender, and Case of the two terms). This leads to the reading 'Of those men [in whose] families dharma [is] sunk in ruins'.
• Notice that we have defined this term as a passive past participle despite the fact that the participle is embedded inside a bahuvrIhi samAsa compound word. This participle ('utsanna') binds an internal complement ('kuladharma') and is, in turn, bound to an external Subject ('GEN-P:manuSHyANNAm'). Hence, embedding inside a semantic compound does not extinguish the syntactic properties of the participle.
• Clause A.1 can therefore be read as : '[It is] dwelling [which is] for an indefinite period in hell of/for those men [in whose] families dharma [is] sunk in ruins '.
• As can be seen, a detailed analysis is required for a clear picture to emerge.

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A: utsannakuladharmANNAm manuSHyANNAm janArdana narake aniyatam vAsaHa bhavati iti anushushruma

A.1:

utsannakuladharmANNAm:GEN-P:utsanna-kuladharma (utsannakuladharma) :Masc.:Noun:past_participle_passive_kta_1P_ut-sad:Link_subj_manuSHyANNAm

manuSHyANNAm:GEN-P:manuSHya:Masc.:Noun

janArdana:VOC-S:janArdana:Masc.:Noun

narake:LOC-S:naraka:Masc.:Noun:Link_gov_aniyatam

aniyatam:NOM-S:aniyata:Neut.:Adj:past_participle_passive_kta_1P_ni-yam:Link_subj_vAsaHa

vAsaHa:NOM-S:vAsas:Neut.:Noun

bhavati:III-S:bhU:1:P:VerbPresent

A.2:

iti:Indeclinable

anushushruma:I-P:anu-shru:5:P:VerbPerfect

References