You are here
Class 1
Sat, 06/22/2019 - 10:12 — antardhvani
Class 1 is known as the 'bhvAdi' ( भ्वादि ) in the Ashtadhyayi. It includes the vast majority of verb roots, and the exemplar verb root is 'bhU' (to be/ become).
Step 1: Strengthen the radical vowel of the verb root (the final vowel or the medial vowel) are strengthened using 'guNNa' ( गुण ). NOTE: Do not apply 'guNNa' to long medial vowels (e.g. 'mIl') or a vowel followed by a compound consonant (e.g. 'shikSH').
Step 2: The vowel 'a' is appended ('shap'), forming the verbal base.
Examples of the derivation of the Third Person-Singular Present Verb (Parasmaipada) conjugation are shown in the following table:
| Verb Root | Step 1:apply guNNa | Step 2: affix 'a' ('shap') | Verbal Base | III-Singular Present (Par.) |
| bhU (to be) | bho | bhava | bhava | bhavati |
| pat (to fall) | pat | pata | pata | patati |
| budh (to know) | bodh | bodha | bodha | bodhati |
| nI (to lead) | ne | naya | naya | nayati |
| mIl (to close) | mIl | mIla | mIla | mIlati |
| shikSH (to learn) | shikSH | shikSHa | shikSHa | shikSHati |
| dRush (to see) | ** | pashya | pashya | pashyati |
NOTE: ** There are some notable examples (such as 'dRush' which forms the verbal base 'pashya').
Derivation: