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Class 4
Sat, 06/22/2019 - 12:36 — antardhvani
Class 4 is known as दिवादि in the Ashtadhyayi. The exemplar verb root is 'div:to play'.
The verbal base is formed by the addition of 'ya' to the verb root. Special rules apply in the case of some verb roots (for e.g., the medial vowel is lengthened in 'div' and 'kSHam' shown below).
Examples of the derivation of the Third Person-Singular and Plural Present Verb conjugations are shown in the following table:
| Verb Root | Step 1: attach 'ya' | Verbal Base | III-Singular Present | III-Plural Present |
| div (to play:Par.) | dIvya | dIvya | dIvyati | dIvyanti |
| yudh (to fight:Atm.) | yudhya | yudhya | yudhyate | yudhyante |
| kSHam (to bear:Par.) | kSHAmya | kSHAmya | kSHAmyati | kSHAmyanti |
Derivation:
- The {3.1.69:divAdibhyaHa shyan} sutra attaches 'shyan' to form the verbal base, overriding the {3.1.68:kartari shap} sutra.