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Class 2
Sat, 06/22/2019 - 10:52 — antardhvani
Class 2 is known as अदादि in the Ashtadhyayi. This class is the most complex, including a number of irregular verbs (including the irregular 'as:to be'). The exemplar verb root is 'ad' (to eat). A number of conjugations are formed irregularly due to special rules.
The verb root is used directly. However, in Strong forms, the radical vowel (final vowel or medial vowel) takes 'guNNa'.
Examples of the derivation of the Third Person-Singular Present Verb conjugation are shown in the following table:
| Verb Root | Step 1: apply guNNa (Strong forms only) | Verbal Base (Strong/ Weak) | III-Singular Present | III-Plural Present |
| ad (to eat, Par.) | ad | ad/ ad | atti | adanti |
| i (to go, Par.) | e | e/ i | eti | yanti |
| duh (to milk, Par.) | doh | doh/ duh | dogdhi | duhanti |
| chakSH (to speak, Atm.) | chakSH | chakSH | chaSHTe | chakSHate |
Derivation:
- The 'shap' augment is elided by the {2.4.72:adiprabhRutibhyaHa shapaH} sutra. Hence, this process is sometimes called 'shap luk' (i.e. elide the 'shap').