1.12

तस्य संजनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः
सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान्

Printed: tasya saNjanayanharSHaM kuruvRuddhaHa pitAmahaHa , siNhanAdaM vinadyochchEHa shaNkhaM dadhmO pratApavAn .

saNjanayanharSHaM k ... [8.3.23] mo'nusvAraHa
siNhanAdaM v ... [8.3.23] mo'nusvAraHa
shaNkhaM d ... [8.3.23] mo'nusvAraHa
kuruvRuddhaHa p ... [8.3.15, 1.3.2, 8.2.66] kharavasAnayo visarjanIyaHa
vinadyochchEHa sh ... [8.3.15, 1.3.2, 8.2.66] kharavasAnayo visarjanIyaHa
saNjanayanharSHam ... [6.1.72] saNhitAyAm
vinadyochchEHa ... [6.1.72] saNhitAyAm
vinadyochchEHa ... [6.1.87] AdguNNaHa
uchchEHa shaNkham ... [8.3.36, 8.3.15, 1.3.2, 8.2.66] vA shari
uchchEHa sh ... [8.3.15, 1.3.2, 8.2.66] kharavasAnayo visarjanIyaHa

Underlying:tasya saNjanayan harSHam kuruvRuddhas pitAmahas , siNhanAdam vinadya uchchEs shaNkham dadhmO pratApavAn .

COMMENTS:

• Notice that 'harSHam' is ACC-S. This is because it is the complement of the preceding nominal 'saNjanayat' (a special, derived form that requires a complement). This nominal 'saNjanayat' is derived from the transitive verb 'sam-jan:4:A:to produce' in a causative construction. 'Present participles' in Sanskrit are formed in a morphological transformation of the verb ending ('kRudanta') that affixes the abstract affix known as 'shatRu' to the root verb for Parasmaipada verbs (simply put, the concrete affix 'at' is attached to the causative verb root 'saNjanay' to result in 'saNjanayat'). The parser must be aware of such derived forms to produce the correct results in such special cases. 'tasya saNjanayan harSHam' could be considered as an adverbial phrase in the absence of a verb (i.e. 'causing to produce his joy').
• The term 'uchchEHa:loudly' is atached to clause A.1 (i.e. 'Having roared loudly ...') by the parser, whereas [1] attaches it to clause A.2 ('... sounded the conch loudly') instead. A syntactic parser cannot reliably attach such adjunctive phrases correctly, in the absence of a 'real world' understanding.
• Notice how the terms of clause A.1 are embedded deep inside clause A.2.
• Notice also the complexity resulting from 'free' word order in this stanza. The present participle 'NOM-S:saNjanayan:causing' has as its Subject 'NOM-S:kuruvRuddhaHa:Bhishma', whereas the term preceding it 'GEN-S:tasya:his' refers to 'duryodhanaHa' from the preceding context. Interestingly, the 'GEN-S:tasya:his' modifies 'ACC-S:harSHam:joy' which is the complement of the present participle 'NOM-S:saNjanayan:causing', and immediately succeeds it (i.e. the phrase is '[Bhishma] causing his [Duryodhana's] joy').
• Another point to note is the unmarked change of speaker (reverting to the narrator Sanjaya) in this stanza; the speaker 'duryodhanaHa' is mentioned explicitly only in Stanza 1.2, and is assumed to be the speaker in all the intervening stanzas before this stanza. Our syntactic parser does not attempt to determine the speaker of each stanza, nor the referents of pronouns due to the likelihood of committing egregious errors in such determinations.

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A: tasya saNjanayan harSHam kuruvRuddhaHa pitAmahaHa siNhanAdam vinadya uchchEHa shaNkham dadhmO pratApavAn

A.1:

siNhanAdam:ACC-S:siNha-nAda (siNhanAda) :Neut.:Noun:samAsa_tatpuruSHa(GEN)

vinadya:-:vi-nad:1:P:VerbGerund

uchchEHa:Indeclinable

A.2:

tasya:GEN-S:tad:Masc.:Pronoun

saNjanayan:NOM-S:saNjanayat:Masc.:Adj:present_participle_shatRu_4A_sam-jan_causative:Link_subj_kuruvRuddhaHa

harSHam:ACC-S:harSHa:Masc.:Noun:Link_gov_saNjanayan

kuruvRuddhaHa:NOM-S:kuru-vRuddha (kuruvRuddha) :Masc.:Noun:samAsa_tatpuruSHa(LOC)

pitAmahaHa:NOM-S:pitAmaha:Masc.:Noun

shaNkham:ACC-S:shaNkha:Masc.:Noun

dadhmO:III-S:dhmA:1:P:VerbPerfect

pratApavAn:NOM-S:pratApavat:Masc.:Adj

References